References¶
The papers behind the methods in these chapters, collected in one place. Each chapter cites the relevant ones inline and links the matching survey-companion notebook under its “Going deeper” heading. For how to cite Infomap itself, see Citing Infomap.
Ulf Aslak, Martin Rosvall, and Sune Lehmann. Constrained information flows in temporal networks reveal intermittent communities. Physical Review E, 97(6):062312, 2018. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.97.062312.
Georgii P. Basharin. On a statistical estimate for the entropy of a sequence of independent random variables. Theory of Probability & Its Applications, 4(3):333–336, 1959.
Aleix Bassolas, Anton Holmgren, Antoine Marot, Martin Rosvall, and Vincenzo Nicosia. Mapping nonlocal relationships between metadata and network structure with metadata-dependent encoding of random walks. Science Advances, 8(43):eabn7558, 2022. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn7558.
Vincent D. Blondel, Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte, and Etienne Lefebvre. Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008(10):P10008, 2008. doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008.
Christopher Blöcker and Martin Rosvall. Mapping flows on bipartite networks. Physical Review E, 102(5):052305, 2020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.102.052305.
Joaquín Calatayud, Rubén Bernardo-Madrid, Magnus Neuman, Alexis Rojas, and Martin Rosvall. Exploring the solution landscape enables more reliable network community detection. Physical Review E, 100(5):052308, 2019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.100.052308.
Manlio De Domenico, Andrea Lancichinetti, Alex Arenas, and Martin Rosvall. Identifying modular flows on multilayer networks reveals highly overlapping organization in interconnected systems. Physical Review X, 5(1):011027, 2015. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.5.011027.
Darren Edge, Ha Trinh, Newman Cheng, Joshua Bradley, Alex Chao, Apurva Mody, Steven Truitt, and Jonathan Larson. From local to global: a graph rag approach to query-focused summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.16130, 2024. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2404.16130.
Daniel Edler, Ludvig Bohlin, and Martin Rosvall. Mapping higher-order network flows in memory and multilayer networks with infomap. Algorithms, 10(4):112, 2017. doi:10.3390/a10040112.
Daniel Edler, Anton Holmgren, and Martin Rosvall. The MapEquation software package. https://mapequation.org, 2026.
Scott Emmons and Peter J. Mucha. Map equation with metadata: varying the role of attributes in community detection. Physical Review E, 100(2):022301, 2019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.100.022301.
Anton Eriksson, Timoteo Carletti, Renaud Lambiotte, Alexis Rojas, and Martin Rosvall. Flow-based community detection in hypergraphs. In Higher-Order Systems, pages 141–161. Springer, Cham, 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91374-8_4.
Anton Eriksson, Daniel Edler, Alexis Rojas, Manlio de Domenico, and Martin Rosvall. How choosing random-walk model and network representation matters for flow-based community detection in hypergraphs. Communications Physics, 4:133, 2021. doi:10.1038/s42005-021-00634-z.
Santo Fortunato and Marc Barthélemy. Resolution limit in community detection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(1):36–41, 2007. doi:10.1073/pnas.0605965104.
Anton Holmgren, Daniel Edler, and Martin Rosvall. Mapping change in higher-order networks with multilevel and overlapping communities. Applied Network Science, 8:42, 2023. doi:10.1007/s41109-023-00565-4.
Tatsuro Kawamoto and Martin Rosvall. Estimating the resolution limit of the map equation in community detection. Physical Review E, 91(1):012809, 2015. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012809.
Masoumeh Kheirkhahzadeh, Andrea Lancichinetti, and Martin Rosvall. Efficient community detection of network flows for varying markov times and bipartite networks. Physical Review E, 93(3):032309, 2016. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.93.032309.
Renaud Lambiotte and Martin Rosvall. Ranking and clustering of nodes in networks with smart teleportation. Physical Review E, 85(5):056107, 2012. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.85.056107.
Magnus Neuman, Jelena Smiljanić, and Martin Rosvall. Reliable data clustering with bayesian community detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.15013, 2025. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.15013.
Christian Persson, Ludvig Bohlin, Daniel Edler, and Martin Rosvall. Maps of sparse markov chains efficiently reveal community structure in network flows with memory. arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.08328, 2016. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1606.08328.
Martin Rosvall, Daniel Axelsson, and Carl T. Bergstrom. The map equation. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 178(1):13–23, 2009. doi:10.1140/epjst/e2010-01179-1.
Martin Rosvall and Carl T. Bergstrom. Maps of random walks on complex networks reveal community structure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(4):1118–1123, 2008. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706851105.
Martin Rosvall and Carl T. Bergstrom. Multilevel compression of random walks on networks reveals hierarchical organization in large integrated systems. PLoS ONE, 6(4):e18209, 2011. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018209.
Martin Rosvall, Alcides V. Esquivel, Andrea Lancichinetti, Jevin D. West, and Renaud Lambiotte. Memory in network flows and its effects on spreading dynamics and community detection. Nature Communications, 5:4630, 2014. doi:10.1038/ncomms5630.
Claude E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3):379–423, 1948. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
Jelena Smiljanić, Christopher Blöcker, Daniel Edler, Anton Holmgren, Magnus Neuman, Alexis Rojas, and Martin Rosvall. Community detection with the map equation and infomap: theory and applications. ACM Computing Surveys, 2026. doi:10.1145/3779648.
Jelena Smiljanić, Christopher Blöcker, Daniel Edler, and Martin Rosvall. Mapping flows on weighted and directed networks with incomplete observations. Journal of Complex Networks, 9(6):cnab044, 2021. doi:10.1093/comnet/cnab044.
Jelena Smiljanić, Daniel Edler, and Martin Rosvall. Mapping flows on sparse networks with missing links. Physical Review E, 102(1):012302, 2020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.102.012302.
Laura M. Smith, Linhong Zhu, Kristina Lerman, and Allon G. Percus. Partitioning networks with node attributes by compressing information flow. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, 2016. doi:10.1145/2968451.
Vincent A. Traag, Ludo Waltman, and Nees Jan van Eck. From louvain to leiden: guaranteeing well-connected communities. Scientific Reports, 9:5233, 2019. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41695-z.